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Chapter 8 Fungi Biology 11th Class Punjab Short Questions

Question No. 1 - Name living and extinct representative of psilopsida.

Answer No. 1 - Extinct members of Psilopsida are: Horneophyton, Psilophyton, Cooksonia. There are only two living genera of psilopsida Psilotum and Tmesipteris.

Question No. 2 - What is protonema?

Answer No. 2 - Protonema is multicellular alga like structure from which new plants is produces it is found in bryopsida group of bryophytes.

Question No. 3 - What is rhizome?

Answer No. 3 - It is a type of underground stem which is branched and grows horizontally. It is covered with brown hairs called ramenta.

Question No. 4 - Define kingdom plantae.

Answer No. 4 - Kingdom plantae mainly includes eukaryotic autotrophic, multicellular, non-motile organisms which develop from embryos.

Question No. 5 - Name the classes of division of bryophytes.

Answer No. 5 - Three classes of bryophytes are :Hepaticopsida, Bryopsida, Anthoceropsida

Question No. 6 - Define pollen grain.

Answer No. 6 - A microscope of seed plant that contain microgametophyte or male gametophyte including gametes is called pollen grain.

Question No. 7 - Why Anthoceropsida are more advanced than other bryophytes?

Answer No. 7 - 1. Sporophyte of Anthoceros has stomata to obtain carbon
dioxide for photosynthesis.
2. Sporophyte contains chlorophyll so it is not dependent
on gametophyte.

Question No. 8 - Differentiate between antheridiophore and archegoniophore.

Answer No. 8 - Antheridiophore : It is a branch on which antheridia are produced.

Question No. 9 - In what ways sporophyte of bryophytes and tracheophytes are different?

Answer No. 9 - Sporophyte of bryophytes : It is not differentiated into root, stem and leaves.
It produces all spores of same kind. It is dependent on gametophyte.

Question No. 10 - Define ovule and seed.

Answer No. 10 - Seed: Ripened ovule is called seed.

Question No. 11 - What are arthrophytes? Give example.

Answer No. 11 - Plants are belonging to group sphenopsida are also called arthophystes because the whole plant body is composed of large number of joints.

Question No. 12 - What are fronds? In which groups they are found?

Answer No. 12 - Large pinnately compound leaves or fronds arise from the upper side of the rhizome. Group is Pteropsida.

Question No. 13 - What are the Monoecious Plants?

Answer No. 13 - If male and female sex organs are found on the same planed, it is known as monoecious plants. For example :prothallus of Adiantum.

Question No. 14 - Define ovule and embryo sac.

Answer No. 14 - Ovule is indehiscent megasporangium.

Question No. 15 - What is prothallus?

Answer No. 15 - It is gametophyte of ferns which is not true thallus. It bears female and male reproductive organs of ferns.

Question No. 16 - Differentiate between monocots and dicots.

Answer No. 16 - Dicots: Dicots have two cotyledons in their seed.
Leaves have reticulate venation.
They show secondary growth.

Question No. 17 - What is earliest group of vascular plant? Quote only two examples of its extinct plants.

Answer No. 17 - Psilopsida is the earliest group of vascular plants. Examples of extinct plants are Horneophyton and Cooksonia.

Question No. 18 - Define paraphysis.

Answer No. 18 - Paraphysis are sterile hairs found among the reproductive organs of bryophytes for their protection.

Question No. 19 - Give the medicinal importance of Bamboos.

Answer No. 19 - Bamboo leaves are given to horses as a cure of cough and cold etc.

Question No. 20 - Write down botanical name of sheesham.

Answer No. 20 - Botanical name of sheesham is Dalbergia sissoo.

Question No. 21 - Differentiate between leaf venation and circinate venation.

Answer No. 21 - Leaf venation: Arrangements of veins and veinlets in the lamina of leaf is called leaf venation.

Question No. 22 - Differentiate between Sporophyte and gametophyte.

Answer No. 22 - Sporophyte : It us diploid generation,it produces spores.

Question No. 23 - Define flower.

Answer No. 23 - A flower is a modified shoot which consists of a pedicel, thalamus or torus and floral leaves. The parts of flower which are directly involved in reproduction of plants are called essential parts of flowers i.e stamens and carpels.
The part of flower which are not involved in the reproductive process are called non essential part of flower.

Question No. 24 - What is overtopping?

Answer No. 24 - The dichotomously branched aerial portion of the stem showed unequal branching. Some branches remains short other in different planes. Such an unequal development of various branches is called overtopping.

Question No. 25 - Write down four characteristics of bryophytes.

Answer No. 25 - Bryophytes have dominant gametophyte generation. They are homosporous plants. They need water for their fertilization.They have no vascular tissues.

Question No. 26 - Give four example of ferns?

Answer No. 26 - Adiantum ,Pteridium, Pteris, Dryopteris

Question No. 27 - Give botanical name of two plants belongs to family solanaceae.

Answer No. 27 - Lycopersium esculentu and Solanum nigrum.

Question No. 28 - Differentiate between microphylls and megaphylls.

Answer No. 28 - Microphylls : The leaves which bear microsporangia on their surface are called microphylls.

Question No. 29 - Give literal meaning of gymnosperms and angiosperms.

Answer No. 29 - Gymnosperms mean nacked seeded plants.

Question No. 30 - How mosses differs from live worth in development?

Answer No. 30 - Mosses: Spores of mosses develop into alga like structure the proteome, the buds on which develop into male or female haploid gametophytes.

Question No. 31 - Write down botanical name of Tomato.

Answer No. 31 - Lycopersium and Esculentum is botanical name of tomato.

Question No. 32 - Differentiate between Floret and Spikelet.

Answer No. 32 - The whole lemma, palea and flower is called floret.

Question No. 33 - Name four subdivision of Tracheophyta.

Answer No. 33 - For subdivision of tracheophyta are:
1. Psilopsida
2. Lycopsida
3. Sphenopsida

Question No. 34 - What are fronds?

Answer No. 34 - In ferns leaves are large size and are composed which is called fronds. It is character of fern group.

Question No. 35 - Give the medicinal importance of Acacia nilotica.

Answer No. 35 - Tender leaves of Acacia nilotica are used as blood purifier.

Question No. 36 - Define bryophytes.

Answer No. 36 - Bryophytes can be simply defined as "Non vascular vascular system absent, gametophyte dominant, sporophyte attached to gametophyte, homosporous."

Question No. 37 - Write down botanical name of peanuts and sweet pea.

Answer No. 37 - Arachis hypogaea is botanical name of peanus and that of sweet pea is Pisum sativum.

Question No. 38 - Define circinate venation. Which plant group does show this feature?

Answer No. 38 - When frond is immature and young it is coiled. This pattern of development is called circinate vernation. This is characteristics of group fern.

Question No. 39 - Give common name of Adiantum?

Answer No. 39 - The common name of adiantum is Maiden hair fern.

Question No. 40 - Differentiate between homospory and heterospory. Give example.

Answer No. 40 - Homospory : Process of formation of spores of same kind is called homospory. E.g. Lycopodium

Question No. 41 - Name two vegetative and two reproductive evolutionary character of tracheophytes.

Answer No. 41 - Reproductive characters are formation of seed and fruit. Vegetative character are presence of vascular tissues and differentiation of plant body in to root stem and leaves.

Question No. 42 - Why bryophytes are called amphibians plants?

Answer No. 42 - The bryophytes are said to be amphibians of the plants world because they can not live away from the water. They need water from reproduction.

Question No. 43 - What function of thorns and tendrils in plants?

Answer No. 43 - Thorn is an outgrowth which may be present on stem or leaves and thorn has protective function,
Tendril is a modification of leaf and stem. It helps in climbing of plant over a support.

Question No. 44 - What is homospory? Give an example.

Answer No. 44 - The production of one type of spore in a plant is known as homospory. For example in Psilotum only one kind of spores are produced.

Question No. 45 - What is alteration of generation?

Answer No. 45 - The phenomena in which two generation i.e gametophyte and sporophyte alternate with each other is called alternation of generation. Sporophyte produce gametophyte and gametophyte produce sporophyte.

Question No. 46 - Define ovule.

Answer No. 46 - It is an integumented indeshisdent megasporangium.

Question No. 47 - Give four example of gymnosperms from your book.

Answer No. 47 - Cycas, Pinus, Thuja and Cedrus.

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