Chapter 9 Solutions Chemistry 11th Class Punjab Simulations
Chemistry English Medium Book
- +9.0.0 CONCEPT OF A SOLUTION
- +9.1.0 CONCENTRATION UNITS OF SOLUTIONS
- +9.1.1 Percentage composition
- +9.1.1.1 (a ) Percentage weight / weight
- +9.1.1.2 (b ) Percentage Weight/Volume
- +9.1.1.3 (c) Percentage Volume /Weight
- +9.1.1.4 (d) Percentage Volume / Volume
- +9.1.2 Molarity ( M )
- +9.1.3 Molality( m )
- +9.1.4 Mole Fraction (x)
- +9.1.5 Parts Per Million ( ppm)
- +9.1.6 Interconversion of Various Concentration Units of Solutions
- +9.2 TYPES OF SOLUTIONS
- +9.2.1 Solutions of Solids in Liquids
- +9.2.2 Solutions of Liquids in Liquids
- +9.2.2.1 (i) completely Miscible Liquids
- +9.2.2.2 (ii) Partially Miscible Liquids
- +9.2.2.2.1 Phenol-Water System (H2O + C6H5OH )
- +9.2.2.3 (iii) Liquids Practically Immscible
- +9.3.0 Ideal and Non-Ideal Solutions
- +9.3.1 RAOULTS LAW
- +9.3.2 Raoults Law (when both components are volatile)
- +9.4 VAPOUR PRESSURES OF LIQUID-LIQUID SOLUTIONS
- +9.4.1 i. Ideal Solutions
- +9.4.1.1 Fractional Distillation of Ideal Mixture of Two Liquids
- +9.4.2 ii. Non-Ideal Solutions (azeotropic mixtures)
- +9.4.2.1 (a) Positive Deviations
- +9.4.2.2 (b) Negative Deviations
- +9.5 SOLUBILITY AND SOLUBILITY CURVES
- +9.5.1 Solubility Curves
- +9.5.2 Fractional Crystallisation
- +9.6 COLLIGATIVE PROPERTIES OF SOLUTIONS
- +9.6.1 Why Some of the Properties are Called Colligative
- +9.6.2 Lowering of Vapour Pressure
- +9.6.3 Elevation of Boiling Point
- +9.6.4 Measurement of Boiling Point Elevation: Landsbergers Method
- +9.6.5 Depression of the Freezing Point of a Solvent by a Solute
- +9.6.6 Measurement of Freezing Point Depression Beckmann s Freezing Point Apparatus
- +9.6.7 Applications of Boiling Point Elevation and Freezing Point Depression Phenomena
- +9.7.0 ENERGETICS OF SOLUTION
- +9.7.1 Hydration Energy of Ions
- +9.8 HYDRATION AND HYDROLYSIS
- +9.8.1 Hydration
- +9.8.2 Hydrates
- +9.8.3 Hydrolysis
Chemistry
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Updated on: 22-05-2026
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